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← Persistence of Manager Performance
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Question
What was the main finding of Carhart's 1997 study on mutual fund performance persistence?
1
After controlling for the momentum factor, there is essentially no evidence of persistent alpha in mutual fund performance
2
Persistence is strong in bear markets but disappears in bull markets
3
Top-quartile funds reliably remain in the top quartile for at least five years
4
Small funds show significant persistence while large funds do not
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