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← Debiasing: What Actually Works
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Question
What did Fischhoff's 1982 review find about the effectiveness of standard debiasing attempts?
1
That only professionally trained decision-makers can successfully debias their judgments
2
That debiasing is highly effective in laboratory settings but fails in real-world applications
3
That most direct debiasing attempts — telling people about a bias and asking them to correct for it — typically produce partial improvement at best
4
That education about biases reliably reduces them in high-stakes financial decisions
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