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← Fragility of Optimised Portfolios
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Question
Why does mean-variance optimisation tend to produce concentrated, extreme portfolios when applied without constraints?
1
It requires assets to have positive correlations, eliminating diversification
2
It treats noisy estimated inputs as precise, concentrating the portfolio in assets with the largest estimation errors
3
It ignores covariances and focuses only on individual asset returns
4
The algorithm is designed to find corner solutions with single dominant assets
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